SYMPTOMS:

• Sudden foul smell of hydrogen sulphide resembling that of rotten eggs emits from soil
• A black mark will be seen on the roots if plant is pulled out and examined, which turn to  reddish brown when exposed to air.
• The crop starts wilting, older leaves become yellow and dry out prematurely
• Parched appearance of field will be observed.

CORRECTION:

• Application of nitrogenous fertilizer through neutral fertilizers like Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)
• Draining of soil frequently will reduce the sulphide injury.

 SYMPTOMS:

• Sudden foul smell of hydrogen sulphide resembling that of rotten eggs emits from soil
• A black mark will be seen on the roots if plant is pulled out and examined, which turn to  reddish brown when exposed to air.
• The crop starts wilting, older leaves become yellow and dry out prematurely
• Parched appearance of field will be observed.

CORRECTION:

• Application of nitrogenous fertilizer through neutral fertilizers like Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN)
• Draining of soil frequently will reduce the sulphide injury.

Name    K. Gopal
D.O.B    16-4-1971
Address    Duppalguda, Rajendranagar(M),
Ranga Reddy Dist., Hyderabad
Farming:    25 years

1. Biotic:
• Pests: Brown planthopper, Whitebacked planthopper, Gall midge, Stem borer, Leaf folder, Gundhi bug
• Diseases: Blast, Bacterial leaf blight, Sheath blight, Sheath rot.

2. Abiotic: Submergence in coastal, Cold in Telangana, Drought in Chittoor, Srikakulam, Salinity-0.81 million hectares (Canal commands 0.14 mha, outside canal 0.39 mha, coastal areas 0.28 mha), Zinc deficiency, Drought (5.6% area in under rainfed rice).

1. Traditional rice varieties: Area under traditional rice varieties is limited. Earlier popular traditional varieties were Kichidi Samba, Rajahamsa, Amritsari, Kakirekkalu, Sanna Akkullu, Molagolukulu types, Oda sanndu, Tella danyalu, Nalla danyalu and Mettu danyalu.

2. Popular varieties
Swarna, Samba Mahsuri, Krishna Veni, Vijetha, IR 64, Rasi, Jaya, Polasa Prabha Mahsuri (JGL 384), Jagitial Sannalu (JGL 1798), Vasumati, Phalguna
Rabi: IR 64, Tella Hamsa, Vijetha, Rasi, Prabhat, Cottondora Sannalu (MTU 1010)

Area, Production and Productivity of indigenous aromatic varieties

Funded Centres: Maruteru, Warangal, Rajendranagar
Voluntary Centres: Baptala, Chintapally, Jagtial, Machilipatnam, Nellore, Ragolu

1. Andhra Pradesh has 10.1 m ha cultivated area, constituting 37% of state’s total geographical area. The irrigated area is 36% of the cultivated area. Rice, sugarcane, black gram, chillies, mango, cotton and tobacco are the main crops. With cropping intensity of 122%, food grains production is 13.4 mt. Rice is grown in 3.98 m ha with a productivity level of 2.98 t/ha.

1. Andhra Pradesh is situated between 12041’ and 220 North latitude and 770 and 840 40 East longitude. It shares common boundaries with Madhya Pradesh and Orissa to the north, Bay of Bengal to the east, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka to the south and Maharashtra to the west.
2. The state has three distinct regions namely Coastal Andhra, Telangana and Rayalaseema. Krishna, Godavari and Penna rivers form the major water source.

1. Date of formation: 1st Nov 1956
2. Area: 2,75,069 sq km
3. Capital: Hyderabad
4. Population: 76,210,007
5. No. of districts: 23
6. Villages: 26,613
7. Towns: 210
8. Per capita income at current prices (2005-2006): Rs 26,211

BPH/WBPH:

• The insecticides as recommended at boot stage should be used.

Cutworm:

• Irrigate the field and spray in the evening hours with any of the following combinations, dichlorvos @ 1.0 ml + endosulfan @ 2.0 ml (or) dichlorovos 1.0 ml + chlorpyriphos 2.5 ml/litre of water.

Water management:

• Proper water management facilitates good tillering, increased nutrient use and reduce weed infestation.

• Maintain shallow depth of water (1-2 cm) at the time of transplanting.

• Increase the water level up to 5 cm depth after transplanting till crop establishment.

• Maintain shallow depth of water ( 2-3 cm) during tillering phase of crop.

• Maintain 5 cm of water during panicle initiation to physiological maturity (10 Days before harvest) of the crop.

BPH/WBPH:

• Spray acephate @ 1.5 g or monocrotophos @ 2.2 ml or ethofenprox @ 2.0 ml or fenobucarb @ 2.0 ml or imidacloprid @ 0.25 ml or thiamethoxam @ 0.2 g or Buprofuzin 1.6ml per litre of water.

• Spray fluid (200 litres/acre) should be directed towards the base of the plant.

• Avoid spraying of combination of insecticides and synthetic pyrethroids.

• If second spray is warranted alternate the previous chemical preferably belonging to another group.

Stemborer:

Stemborer, Thrips and Hispa:

• Spray monocrotophos @ 36 SL 1.6 ml or chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5 ml or phosphamidon 40 SL@ 2.0 ml/litre of water.

Gallmidge:

• Apply phorate 10G @ 12.5 kg/ha or carbofuran 3 G @ 25 kg/ha at 15 DAT in 1– 2 inches of standing water.

Leaf folder:

• Spray profenophos @ 2.0 ml or chlorpyriphos @ 2.5 ml or monocrotophos 36 SL @ 1.6 ml/litre of water.

Hispa:

1. Plant protection measures are of two types

• Cultural practices
• Chemical control

2. Chemical control Practices can be done at different stages of crop growth like Tillering stage, Panicle initiation to booting stage, Post flowering.

Nutrient management:

• Soil fertility and productivity of rice can be improved and maintained through integrated use of organic, inorganic and bio fertilizers in a balanced manner.

• 25-50% of recommended N through Green manures/compost /FYM/ poultry manures results sustainable yields.

• Green manuring insitu with Sesbania / Crotalaria / Pillipesara or grain legume crop residues like black gram/ green gram can sustain the soil fertility and productivity .

a) Nursery :

• Basal fertilization with 0.5 kg of `N’; 0.5 kg of `P’ and 0.5 Kg of `K’ per every 100 sq.mt is required to get robust seedlings, followed by another 0.5 kg `N’ at 12 days after sowing.

• Spray ZnSO4 @ 2.0 g /l for correction of Zinc deficiency if deficiency is observed.

• Spray 5-10 g Ferrous sulphate (or) Ferrous ammonium sulphate with 0.5 to 1.0 gram of citric acid per litre of water to correct Iron deficiency in the nursery crop.

b) Main field: 

Weed management:

• The crop should be maintained weed free especially till 45 DAT.

• Hand weeding at 20 and 40 days after transplanting in areas where manual labour is available at reasonable rates.

• To over come weed problem apply any one of the following herbicides keeping thin film of water.

Main field preparation:

• Plough the soil once or twice in mid summer prior to main field preparation ,it will help in checking the weed growth by exposing the root system of weeds. It also exposes egg masses and hibernated stages of different pests and disease to the hot Sun and helps soil to retain moisture received during summer.

• Under canal irrigation green manuring is very much suggested.

• Initiate puddling at least 15 days before transplanting.

• Tractor / power tiller puddling to a depth of 15 cm is enough.

Nursery Management (Wet):
• Select an area of nursery, which has good irrigation and drainage facility.
• Prepare the nursery field one month before sowing
• Prepare nursery field by ploughing twice in the summer subsequently by puddling 3-4 times at an interval of 5-6 days.
• Level the field after final puddling and prepare raised beds of one-meter width and of convenient length duly forming channels for irrigation and proper drainage.
• Apply Well-decomposed FYM/ compost @ 200 kg/ 5cents nursery to improve soil condition.