The major weeds found in SRI system of paddy cultivation are Marsilia sp. , Echinocloa sp., Monochoris vagilalis, Cyprus iria and Cyprus deformis. The effective integrated weed management adopted are
1. Passing cono weeder at 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after transplanting OR
2. Application of pre-emergence herbicide like butachlor 50% EC @ 1500 g ai/ha 3 DAT + two cono weeding at 20 and 30 DAT.

Botanical name and family : Monochoria vaginalis, Pontederiaceae

Common name : Oval Leaf Pondweed, Oval Leaf Monochoria, Marshy betelvine

Kannada name : Thamara

Plant description : A herb

Habitat : Wet lands and marshy areas

Botanical name and family : Marsilea quadrifolia, Marsileaceae

Common name : Four Leaf Clover

Kannada name : Kadu sabbasege , Neeru sabbasege

Plant description : Aquatic fern

Habitat : Shallow water of lakes, ponds, or quiet sections of rivers and streams

Botanical name and family : Centella asiatica, Umbelliferae.

Common name : Indian Pennywort, Asiatic coinwort.

Kannada name : Uondelaga.

Plant description : A prostrate herb.

Habitat : Rice fields along by bits of bunds of irrigation channels.

Botanical name and family : Cyperus rotundus , Cyperceae
Common name : Purple nut sedge
Kannada name : Dabbe Jandu uollu
Plant description : A Perennial grass
Habitat : In rice fields
Method of propagation : Tubers

Botanical name and family : Cyperus iria, Cyperaceae  .

Common name : Rice flatsedge.

 Kannada name : Dabbe Jandu uollu.

 Plant description : A erect glabrous annual.

 Habitat : Rice fields marshy places and in ponds and ditches during monsoon.

Botanical name and family : Cyperus difformis, Cyperaceae

Common name : Smallflower

Kannada name : Kare sanna jandu uollu

Plant description : A erect, tufted glabrous annual

Habitat : In rice fields

Method of propagation : By seeds

Major weeds present in rice crop of Karnataka state are

1. Cyperus difformis.

2. Cyperus iria.

3. Cyperus rotundus.

4. Marsilea quadrifolia.

5. Monochoria vaginalis.

Surface storage structures include Bag storage storage, Bulk storage, Kothi or Mud Pots and Kuthla.

1. Underground storage structures are dug-out structures similar to a well with sides plastered with cow dung. They may also be lined with stones or sand and cement.

2. They may be circular or rectangular in shape. The capacity varies with the size of the structure. These structures are known by difference local names in various regions.

1. Storage structures of farm products are of two basic types, depending on whether they are stored underground or Above the ground.

2. There is no intrinsic difference between these two provided that basic requirements of safe storage are met.

1. Coastal alluvium soils occur on gently sloping to nearly level plains as a narrow strip along the western coast in the districts of Uttara Kannada, Udupi and Mangalore.

2. They are deposited soils consisting of washed down materials from the western ghats and by the action of the Arabian sea.

3. These are deep to very deep, light grey, pale yellow or brown, sand loamy sand to sandy loam on the surface, with loamy sand, gravelly sandy loam to clay loam in the subsurface horizons.

1. Laterite soils mainly occur on gently undulating, rolling, plain to hilly topography of peninsular gneiss and Dharwad schist regions, occupying areas as a long strip along with western coast in the coastal high rainfall and transitional region comprising major parts of the districts of Uttara Kannada, Udupi, Mangalore, Kodagu and Western parts of Hassan, Chikkamagalur, Shimoga, Dharwad and Belgaum districts; also found in parts of Bangalore, Kolar, Bidar and Gulbarga districts.

1. Soils of valley plains are deposited soils occurring on very gently slope to nearly level of flat valley bottom areas.

2. These are very deep, very dark grey brown, brown to dark reddish brown, sandy loam to clay on the surface and usually clay in the sub-surface horizon.

3. They are neutral to weakly alkaline, usually non-calcareous, and have low to medium CEC and base saturation. The water holding capacity is generally high.

1. Undulating mid soils occur on sleepy to gently sloping undulating to hilly landscape. The soils are very deep, dark brown to dark red, sandy loam to clay loam on the surface and loam to clay loam and at places gravelly sandy clay in the sub-surface horizon, with distinct argillic (clay rich) horizon.

2. These are neutral to weakly acidic in reaction, low in CEC, base saturation and medium to high in water holding capacity.

3. These soils are classified under the orders Alfisols and Ultisols with sub-orders of Ustalfs, Udalfs, Uslults and Udults.

1. Undulating mid soils occur on sleepy to gently sloping undulating to hilly landscape. The soils are very deep, dark brown to dark red, sandy loam to clay loam on the surface and loam to clay loam and at places gravelly sandy clay in the sub-surface horizon, with distinct argillic (clay rich) horizon.

2. These are neutral to weakly acidic in reaction, low in CEC, base saturation and medium to high in water holding capacity.

3. These soils are classified under the orders Alfisols and Ultisols with sub-orders of Ustalfs, Udalfs, Uslults and Udults.

1. Upper slope soils are usually situated on convex ridges and steep side slopes. The soils are shallow to moderately deep, light grey, yellowish red and strong brown gravelly sandy loam to sandy loam soils.

2. They are normal to weakly acidic in reaction and low in CEC, base saturation and water holding capacity. These soils are classified under the orders Entisols and inceptisols with sub-orders Orthents and Ochrepts.

1. Red loamy soils occur on hilly to undulating landscape on granites, granitic gneisses and Dharwad schists, occupying areas as a long strip along the western ghats in the transitional zone comprising western parts of Belgaum, Uttara Kannada, Shimoga, Chitradurga, Udupi, Mangalore, Hassan and Kodagu districts and parts of Chitradurga, Tumkur, Kolar and Bangalore districts.

2. The soils of this region can further be sub-divided into the following three groups occurring on distinct physiographic position and have varying physico-chemical Properties.

a) Upper slops.